Tuesday, March 29, 2011

CSS - Selectors Pattern matching

In CSS, pattern matching rules determine which style rules apply to elements in the document tree. These patterns, called selectors, may range from simple element names to rich contextual patterns. If all conditions in the pattern are true for a certain element, the selector matches the element.
The case-sensitivity of document language element names in selectors depends on the document language. For example, in HTML, element names are case-insensitive, but in XML they are case-sensitive.
The following table summarizes CSS 2.1 selector syntax:
PatternMeaningDescribed in section
*Matches any element.Universal selector
EMatches any E element (i.e., an element of type E).Type selectors
E FMatches any F element that is a descendant of an E element.Descendant selectors
E > FMatches any F element that is a child of an element E.Child selectors
E:first-childMatches element E when E is the first child of its parent. The :first-child pseudo-class
E:link
E:visited
Matches element E if E is the source anchor of a hyperlink of which the target is not yet visited (:link) or already visited (:visited). The link pseudo-classes
E:active
E:hover
E:focus
Matches E during certain user actions. The dynamic pseudo-classes
E:lang(c) Matches element of type E if it is in (human) language c (the document language specifies how language is determined). The :lang() pseudo-class
E + FMatches any F element immediately preceded by a sibling element E.Adjacent selectors
E[foo]Matches any E element with the "foo" attribute set (whatever the value). Attribute selectors
E[foo="warning"]Matches any E element whose "foo" attribute value is exactly equal to "warning". Attribute selectors
E[foo~="warning"]Matches any E element whose "foo" attribute value is a list of space-separated values, one of which is exactly equal to "warning". Attribute selectors
E[lang|="en"]Matches any E element whose "lang" attribute has a hyphen-separated list of values beginning (from the left) with "en". Attribute selectors
DIV.warningLanguage specific. (In HTML, the same as DIV[class~="warning"].) Class selectors
E#myidMatches any E element with ID equal to "myid".ID selectors

Painless CSS Prefixes

Adding CSS prefixes for various browsers takes time; and many designers have to write the appropriate prefix for each, mostly for new CSS3 features. Not exactly a productive use of time. Sure, eventually you’ll have memorized them all, but it still usually means writing eight or ten lines of CSS code instead of two or three.
Painless CSS Prefixes
But if you’re using a Python framework, you can just use CSSPrefixer instead. Write your CSS code as you normally would, and let CSSPrefixer insert all of the necessary prefixes for various browsers. And then use the time you save for something that’s actually productive. (cc)

The Current State of HTML5 Forms

HTML5 has many new features intended to make the process of creating websites easier and to improve people’s experience in using those websites. Among the features are many enhancements to Web forms. Because HTML5 is fairly new and not all of its features have been worked out yet, not every browser supports HTML5 features the same way.
The Current State of HTML5 Forms
On Wufoo’s HTML5 Forms website, you can explore all of the new features to learn which browsers support which features and to what extent. The list of browsers includes various versions of Firefox, Safari, Chrome, Opera and Internet Explorer. Unfortunately, IE9 is far from wide HTML5 support in terms of HTML5 Forms. (tb)

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